<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:g-custom="http://base.google.com/cns/1.0" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" version="2.0">
  <channel>
    <title>b31820521-22ed19d0-d927-8150-9301-3e3e94ed3579</title>
    <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it</link>
    <description />
    <atom:link href="https://www.galiziaepinna.it/feed/rss2" type="application/rss+xml" rel="self" />
    <item>
      <title>The 7% Map</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/en/sardinia-file/italy-7-percent-flat-tax-sardinia-municipalities</link>
      <description>370 of Sardinia's 377 municipalities qualify for Italy's 7% flat tax on foreign pensions under the new 30,000-resident threshold. The seven that don't, and why.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          370 of Sardinia's 377 municipalities. The island's map of the 7% regime for foreign pensioners after the 30,000-resident threshold.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-07.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Of Sardinia's 377 municipalities, or comuni, 370 now qualify for the 7 per cent regime. I mean Article 24-ter of the Italian Income Tax Code (TUIR): if you receive a pension paid by a foreign payer and move your residence to a qualifying municipality in southern Italy, you pay 7 per cent on all the income that reaches you from abroad, for ten years [1].
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Seven towns are out: Cagliari, Sassari, Quartu Sant'Elena, Olbia, Alghero, Nuoro and Oristano. The rest of the island is in [2].
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The threshold changed on 7 April 2026. Article 26 of Law no. 34 of 11 March 2026 raised the ceiling from 20,000 to 30,000 residents for the eight regions of southern Italy, the Mezzogiorno [3]. In Sardinia the change has seven names: Selargius (28,377 residents), Assemini (25,630), Carbonia (25,623), Iglesias (24,653), Capoterra (23,092), Porto Torres (20,846) and Sestu (20,751). In March they were out; from April they are in [2]. Most of them sit in the ring around Cagliari or in the Sulcis: a quarter of an hour from the regional capital, at very different house prices.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Be careful which figure you look at. What counts is not today's population but the ISTAT figure, from the national statistics office, at 1 January of the year before the first year of the option. That number then stays fixed for the whole ten years, even if the municipality grows [4]. Move in 2026 and you are measured against the snapshot of 1 January 2025. Move in 2027 and it is 1 January 2026.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Oristano is the textbook case. On 1 January 2025 it had 30,067 residents: 67 above the threshold. Anyone moving there in 2026 stays out of the regime because of sixty-seven people. ISTAT's estimate for 1 January 2026 is 29,888; if the final figure confirms it, Oristano comes in for anyone arriving from 2027 [2]. It is the only one of the seven where the question is still open. Nuoro, at 33,054, has a longer road ahead; for the other five it does not arise.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In my office, though, the problem I see most often is not about population. It is about boundaries. A couple finds a house "in Cagliari", signs the purchase offer, and then learns from the land registry extract (the visura catastale) that the property lies in Monserrato, Selargius or Elmas. For them it is good news: all three qualify, Cagliari's airport is in Elmas and the university hospital is in Monserrato. The bad news is for those who bought across the line: same Poetto beach, same seafront, but the stretch that belongs to Quartu Sant'Elena, 68,237 residents, out of the regime with no way back. For Article 24-ter, the town you say you live in does not matter. What matters is the municipality in the land registry extract and in your registration with the municipal population register.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The requirements are few and you need all of them. You need a pension paid by a foreign payer, and no Italian tax residence in the five previous tax years. You also have to arrive from a State with a tax cooperation agreement in force with Italy [1]. The pension is the key that opens the door, not the only income that gets through. Once in, the 7 per cent covers every kind of income produced abroad: dividends, interest, rent from houses outside Italy, capital gains on foreign securities. With advance tax ruling no. 292 of 21 November 2025 the Agenzia delle Entrate (the Italian Revenue Agency) added what is left over from winding up foreign companies the pensioner owns, as investment income produced abroad [5]. Someone who closes their own companies in the year of the move finds the real advantage here, not in the pension. Italian-source income, including any INPS pension, stays under ordinary income tax, IRPEF.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          With German clients the surprise is different. The Italy-Germany double taxation convention leaves social security pensions to the paying State: the Deutsche Rentenversicherung pension of someone living in Sardinia stays taxed in Germany; the Italian 7 per cent does not apply because Italy does not tax it at all [6]. The regime stays useful for the other foreign income, and for the exemption from foreign-asset reporting (the quadro RW) and from the IVIE and IVAFE wealth taxes on foreign assets [7]. For a British pensioner it is the other way round: the UK State Pension and private pensions are taxable only in the State of residence, so the 7 per cent covers them in full; only government service pensions stay with the United Kingdom [8].
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The comparison with the regime under Article 24-bis of the TUIR takes one line. Since 1 January 2026 the lump-sum tax for new residents has risen to €300,000 a year, anywhere in Italy [9]. Three hundred thousand divided by 0.07 is 4,285,714: below that level of annual foreign income the 7 per cent costs less, and anyone above it is not reading this article. Take a foreign pension of €40,000 and €20,000 of foreign dividends: under the regime you pay €4,200 a year. Under ordinary taxation you would pay roughly €10,400 of IRPEF on the pension, €5,200 of tax at 26 per cent on the dividends, plus the regional and municipal surcharges: over €16,000, before any deductions.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Nobody grants you the regime; you apply it yourself. In the tax return for the first year you state the municipality you have moved to, the years of non-residence and the State of the body paying the pension [4]. If the municipality is wrong, nobody tells you at that point. It comes out later, when a check matches your registration with the municipal population register against the ISTAT figure for the previous year, and the Agenzia delle Entrate has until 31 December of the fifth year after the return was filed [10]. At that point the foreign income of every year concerned goes back to ordinary IRPEF, with penalties and interest.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Two grounds for forfeiture are worth keeping in mind before you choose where to live. The first is non-payment: if the substitute tax is not paid by the deadline for the balance, or only in part, the regime ends from that year, with a single window to put it right by the deadline for the following year's balance [11]. The second is geographical: moving your residence to a municipality that does not qualify, even just from Selargius to Quartu Sant'Elena, ends the regime. Moving to another qualifying municipality keeps it; the new municipality is measured on 1 January of the year before the move [4]. In both cases you cannot opt a second time [11].
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The table of all 377 Sardinian municipalities, with the figure at 1 January 2025 and the estimate at 1 January 2026, is at the end of this article. Before you sign a purchase offer, read the "Comune" field in the land registry extract and look it up in the table, in the column for the year you intend to move.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sources
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [1] Article 24-ter, paragraphs 1 and 2, Presidential Decree no. 917 of 22 December 1986 (Italian Income Tax Code, TUIR), introduced by Article 1, paragraph 273, Law no. 145 of 30 December 2018 and amended by Article 5-bis, Decree-Law no. 34 of 30 April 2019.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [2] ISTAT, resident population by age and sex at 1 January 2025 and estimate at 1 January 2026, municipal data (demo.istat.it); our analysis of the 377 Sardinian municipalities.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [3] Article 26, paragraph 1, Law no. 34 of 11 March 2026 (annual SME law), Official Gazette of 23 March 2026, in force from 7 April 2026.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [4] Decision of the Director of the Agenzia delle Entrate of 31 May 2019, points 1.3, 1.4 and 1.6; Agenzia delle Entrate circular no. 21/E of 17 July 2020.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [5] Agenzia delle Entrate, advance tax ruling no. 292 of 21 November 2025.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [6] Italy-Germany double taxation convention of 18 October 1989, ratified by Law no. 459 of 24 November 1992, Article 19(4).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [7] Article 1, paragraph 274, Law no. 145 of 30 December 2018 (exemption from foreign-asset reporting and from IVIE and IVAFE for those who exercise the option).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [8] Italy-United Kingdom double taxation convention of 21 October 1988, ratified by Law no. 329 of 5 November 1990, Articles 18 and 19.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [9] Article 24-bis, paragraph 2, TUIR, as amended by Article 1, paragraphs 25 and 26, Law no. 199 of 30 December 2025.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [10] Article 43, paragraph 1, Presidential Decree no. 600 of 29 September 1973.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [11] Article 24-ter, paragraphs 4 to 7, TUIR (duration of the option, termination for non-payment, termination for moving to a non-qualifying municipality, bar on a new option).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Agostino Galizia, chartered accountant and statutory auditor in Cagliari, Sardinia. Ordine dei Dottori Commercialisti ed Esperti Contabili di Cagliari (Cagliari Institute of Chartered Accountants) no. 1330/A; Registro dei Revisori Legali (Italian register of statutory auditors) no. 80487. Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati S.r.l. STP.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          This article is for information only and does not replace an assessment of your specific case.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-07.png" length="120402" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 11:26:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/en/sardinia-file/italy-7-percent-flat-tax-sardinia-municipalities</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-07.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-07.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Società semplice: l'uso dei beni sociali da parte del socio non è reddito imponibile</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/societa-semplice-godimento-beni-soci-cassazione-17441</link>
      <description>Cassazione n. 17441/2024: l'uso personale dei beni della società semplice da parte del socio non è reddito diverso ex art. 67 lett. h-ter TUIR. Cosa resta da presidiare.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Con la sentenza n. 17441 del 25 giugno 2024 la Cassazione ha stabilito che l'art. 67, comma 1, lett. h-ter) del TUIR non si applica alle società semplici. A due anni di distanza il principio regge e resta un punto fermo per chi usa la società semplice come contenitore del patrimonio di famiglia. Non è però un lasciapassare, e conviene sapere dove finisce.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/048-9-scarpas+%281%29.webp" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Chi detiene immobili attraverso una società semplice e li usa per sé o per i familiari si è posto almeno una volta la domanda: l'Agenzia delle Entrate può tassare in capo al socio il vantaggio di abitare senza canone una casa che appartiene alla società? Dal 2011 esiste una norma scritta proprio per situazioni di questo tipo.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La Cassazione, sezione tributaria, con la sentenza n. 17441 depositata il 25 giugno 2024, ha risposto che alle società semplici quella norma non si applica. La risposta breve è quindi no: il godimento personale del bene sociale non produce un reddito diverso in capo al socio.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          La norma sui beni in godimento ai soci
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          L'art. 67, comma 1, lett. h-ter) del TUIR è stato introdotto dall'art. 2, comma 36-terdecies, del D.L. 13 agosto 2011, n. 138, convertito dalla L. 14 settembre 2011, n. 148. Qualifica come reddito diverso la differenza tra il valore di mercato e il corrispettivo annuo pagato per la concessione in godimento di beni dell'impresa a soci o familiari dell'imprenditore.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
           La disposizione ha un gemello nel comma 36-quaterdecies dello stesso articolo, che rende indeducibili per la società concedente i costi relativi ai beni concessi a un corrispettivo inferiore al valore normale.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il disegno del legislatore era semplice. Chi intesta alla propria società la barca o la villa che poi usa privatamente deduce i costi in capo all'impresa e non dichiara nulla come persona fisica. La norma colpisce entrambi i lati: il socio, che si vede attribuire un reddito, e la società, che perde la deduzione.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il caso deciso dalla Cassazione
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il contenzioso riguardava l'anno d'imposta 2014. Un contribuente, socio di una società semplice proprietaria di un immobile, lo abitava senza corrispondere alcun canone. L'accertamento dell'Agenzia poggiava su due ipotesi: la società semplice sarebbe stata un soggetto fittiziamente interposto, e l'enfiteusi costituita nel 1972 da una società di capitali, originaria proprietaria del bene, sarebbe stata simulata. Il vero concedente, per l'ufficio, era la società di capitali.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il giudice d'appello aveva escluso sia l'interposizione sia la simulazione. Aveva però confermato la ripresa riqualificando il vantaggio come reddito diverso ex lett. h-ter) direttamente in capo alla società semplice. È su questo passaggio che la Cassazione ha cassato la decisione.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Perché la società semplice resta fuori
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il ragionamento della Corte parte dal codice civile. L'art. 2249 c.c. riserva l'esercizio di attività commerciali alle società in nome collettivo, in accomandita semplice e alle società di capitali. La società semplice è, per definizione legale, una società che non può esercitare impresa commerciale. La lett. h-ter) parla di "beni dell'impresa": se manca l'impresa, mancano i beni d'impresa e la fattispecie resta priva del suo presupposto.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          C'è poi un argomento di sistema. La norma gemella sull'indeducibilità dei costi ha senso solo per un concedente che produce reddito d'impresa, e una società semplice regolarmente costituita non ne produce.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
           La stessa Agenzia delle Entrate, nella circolare n. 24/E del 15 giugno 2012, aveva escluso le società semplici dal perimetro della disciplina. La sentenza trasforma quella lettura amministrativa in un principio di diritto, opponibile anche quando un ufficio dovesse cambiare orientamento.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cosa significa per chi ha immobili in una società semplice
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           L'uso personale dell'immobile da parte del socio non genera reddito diverso. L'immobile resta però un bene che produce reddito fondiario: la società lo dichiara secondo le regole ordinarie degli artt. 36 e seguenti del TUIR e lo imputa ai soci per trasparenza ai sensi dell'art. 5 TUIR, indipendentemente dalla percezione.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Non siamo davanti a un'esenzione. Siamo davanti all'assenza di una seconda tassazione sopra quella catastale, che è cosa diversa.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il perimetro della sentenza va poi letto con attenzione, perché la protezione vale solo se la società semplice è tale anche nei fatti. Una società che, dietro l'oggetto sociale di mero godimento, svolge attività commerciale (locazioni con servizi accessori, compravendite abituali) può essere riqualificata dall'Agenzia, e a quel punto i beni tornano a essere beni d'impresa. Lo stesso vale per la società semplice agricola che superi i limiti dell'art. 32, comma 2, TUIR: la parte eccedente è reddito d'impresa e la disciplina della lett. h-ter) riprende spazio.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il secondo fronte è l'interposizione. Il caso del 2024 nasceva proprio da una contestazione di interposizione fittizia ai sensi dell'art. 37, comma 3, del D.P.R. 600/1973, e la Corte si è pronunciata sulla lett. h-ter) solo perché i giudici di merito avevano già escluso quel profilo. Una società semplice senza sostanza, che possiede la sola casa del socio, non tiene una contabilità nemmeno minima, non ha verbali né rendiconti annuali, offre all'ufficio esattamente l'argomento che qui è mancato.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Resta infine il piano civilistico, spesso trascurato. L'art. 2256 c.c. vieta al socio di servirsi delle cose sociali per fini estranei alla società senza il consenso degli altri soci. Il godimento personale va quindi deliberato o comunque risultare da un atto sottoscritto da tutti i soci, con l'indicazione del bene, della durata e dell'eventuale corrispettivo o della gratuità. È un documento che costa poco e che, in caso di verifica, chiude in partenza la discussione sulla natura del rapporto.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           La società semplice resta uno degli strumenti più efficienti per detenere e trasmettere il patrimonio immobiliare di una famiglia, e la sentenza n. 17441/2024 ne ha rafforzato un pilastro. Il lavoro sta nel costruirla e nel farla vivere in modo coerente con la sua natura.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Per una verifica della tua struttura, lo studio Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati è a disposizione
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/048-9-scarpas+%281%29.webp" length="194846" type="image/webp" />
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2026 20:14:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/societa-semplice-godimento-beni-soci-cassazione-17441</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/048-9-scarpas+%281%29.webp">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/048-9-scarpas+%281%29.webp">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Convenzione Italia-Emirati: redditi tassati solo all'estero</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/convenzione-italia-emirati-redditi-tassati-solo-all-estero</link>
      <description>Cassazione 22585/2024 e 35284/2023: quando la Convenzione Italia-Emirati usa “soltanto”, l'Italia non tassa anche se Dubai non applica imposte. Casi, limiti, rimborsi.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Convenzione contro le doppie imposizioni Italia E.A.U. Il caso dei redditi di lavoro
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/022_convenzione-italia-emirati-tassazione-redditi-este.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Gli Emirati Arabi Uniti non applicano un'imposta sul reddito delle persone fisiche. Da qui nasce un rilievo che l'Agenzia delle Entrate ha sollevato più volte, con esito quasi sempre sfavorevole davanti alla Cassazione: se un reddito, in base alla Convenzione contro le doppie imposizioni, è imponibile soltanto negli Emirati e gli Emirati non lo tassano, l'Italia può recuperarlo a tassazione per evitare che sfugga a qualsiasi imposta? La Suprema Corte ha risposto no, e le ragioni vale la pena capirle bene, perché l'intera questione dipende da un avverbio.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il quadro normativo
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Un residente fiscale in Italia è tassato sui redditi ovunque prodotti (art. 3, comma 1, TUIR, D.P.R. 917/1986). Il principio cede però il passo agli accordi internazionali: l'art. 75 del D.P.R. 600/1973 e l'art. 169 TUIR fanno salve le convenzioni contro le doppie imposizioni, e la Cassazione riconosce alle convenzioni ratificate rango di fonte primaria, che vincola il legislatore ai sensi dell'art. 117 Cost. (Cass. 1138/2009 e 14474/2016).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La Convenzione tra Italia ed Emirati Arabi Uniti è stata firmata ad Abu Dhabi il 22 gennaio 1995, ratificata con legge 28 agosto 1997, n. 309, ed è in vigore dal 5 novembre 1997. Segue il Modello OCSE e, come tutte le convenzioni di quella famiglia, ripartisce la potestà impositiva in due modi. Nella tassazione concorrente il reddito “è imponibile” nello Stato della fonte e lo Stato di residenza elimina la doppia imposizione con il credito d'imposta (art. 23, par. 2, della Convenzione; art. 165 TUIR). Nella tassazione esclusiva il reddito è “imponibile soltanto” in uno dei due Stati, e l'altro si tira fuori.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          L'avverbio decisivo
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          L'art. 23, par. 2, consente all'Italia di includere nella propria base imponibile i redditi imponibili negli Emirati, “a meno che espresse disposizioni della presente Convenzione non stabiliscano diversamente”. Ogni volta che una norma pattizia assegna un reddito “soltanto” a uno Stato, quella è l'espressa disposizione contraria: l'Italia ha rinunciato in partenza al proprio potere impositivo. Non c'è un credito da calcolare, perché non c'è un'imposta italiana da cui detrarlo.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La conseguenza, che l'Amministrazione ha faticato ad accettare, è che l'esclusione non è condizionata a una doppia imposizione effettiva. La Convenzione ripartisce il potere di tassare; se poi lo Stato a cui il potere è attribuito decide di non esercitarlo, è una scelta sua che non riapre la porta all'altro.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il caso dei piloti istruttori: art. 19
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cass., Sez. trib., 9 agosto 2024, n. 22585 riguarda un pilota istruttore dell'Aeronautica Militare distaccato presso il Ministero della Difesa emiratino nell'ambito dell'accordo tecnico per l'addestramento della pattuglia acrobatica degli Emirati. Aveva chiesto il rimborso di 124.837 euro tra IRPEF e addizionali versate sugli anni 2011 e 2012. In primo e secondo grado aveva perso: secondo i giudici di merito, non esistendo un'imposta emiratina, escludere l'IRPEF avrebbe prodotto un'iniqua assenza di qualsiasi tassazione, estranea alle finalità della Convenzione.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La Cassazione ha ribaltato la decisione partendo dal testo. L'art. 19, par. 1, lett. a), stabilisce che le remunerazioni pagate da uno Stato contraente per servizi resi a quello Stato sono “imponibili soltanto in questo Stato”. Per l'art. 31 della Convenzione di Vienna sul diritto dei trattati (legge 112/1974) il criterio prevalente è quello letterale, e il significato ordinario di “soltanto” è univoco: potestà esclusiva dello Stato pagatore, preclusione per l'altro. L'esclusione dalla base imponibile italiana, scrive la Corte, è “espressa in termini incondizionati” e non è correlata all'ulteriore presupposto di una contemporanea imposizione da parte degli Emirati. La pronuncia si inserisce in una linea già tracciata da Cass. 1210/2020 e da Cass. 18237 e 18238/2021 su fattispecie analoghe.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il caso del dipendente residente a Dubai: art. 15
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cass., Sez. trib., 18 dicembre 2023, n. 35284 affronta la situazione più frequente nella pratica: un lavoratore trasferito a Dubai con datore di lavoro italiano che continua a operare le ritenute. Il contribuente chiede il rimborso invocando l'art. 15, par. 1, della Convenzione, secondo cui le remunerazioni che un residente di uno Stato riceve per un'attività dipendente sono imponibili soltanto in detto Stato quando l'attività è svolta lì.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          L'Agenzia oppone due argomenti. Il primo è la presunzione dell'art. 2, comma 2-bis, TUIR: il cittadino italiano cancellato dall'anagrafe e trasferito in uno Stato a fiscalità privilegiata (gli Emirati sono nell'elenco del D.M. 4 maggio 1999) si presume residente in Italia salvo prova contraria. Il secondo è formale: manca il certificato dell'autorità emiratina previsto dall'art. 28, par. 2, della Convenzione per le domande di rimborso. La Cassazione respinge entrambi. La presunzione interna può essere superata applicando i criteri di risoluzione dei conflitti di residenza dell'art. 4 della Convenzione, e per essere “residente” ai fini pattizi basta l'assoggettamento potenziale all'imposizione nell'altro Stato, non l'effettivo pagamento di un'imposta che negli Emirati non esiste. Quanto al certificato, la sostanza prevale sulla forma: se la residenza estera è provata con altri mezzi, l'attestazione non è indispensabile. Nello stesso senso, sempre in relazione agli Emirati, Cass. 994/2024.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cosa la Cassazione non ha detto
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il titolo di questo articolo va letto con attenzione. Non significa che chi lavora negli Emirati non paghi imposte in Italia. Chi resta fiscalmente residente in Italia e lavora a Dubai per un datore di lavoro privato rientra nel secondo periodo dell'art. 15, par. 1: le remunerazioni “sono imponibili” nell'altro Stato, senza alcun “soltanto”. È tassazione concorrente. L'Italia tassa il reddito mondiale e riconosce il credito dell'art. 165 TUIR per le imposte pagate all'estero, che negli Emirati sono pari a zero. Il risultato è l'IRPEF piena, calcolata eventualmente sulle retribuzioni convenzionali dell'art. 51, comma 8-bis, TUIR se il lavoro all'estero è continuativo e supera i 183 giorni nell'arco di dodici mesi. Anche il par. 2 dell'art. 15, che usa “soltanto” per i soggiorni brevi, protegge lo Stato di residenza, non quello estero.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La stessa lettura va fatta articolo per articolo. Nella Convenzione con gli Emirati l'avverbio compare, tra l'altro, per gli interessi (art. 11: soltanto nello Stato del beneficiario effettivo), per le pensioni private (art. 18: soltanto nello Stato di residenza), per i redditi di lavoro autonomo in assenza di base fissa (art. 14) e per i redditi non altrimenti disciplinati (art. 22). Non compare per dividendi e canoni (artt. 10 e 12), che restano a tassazione concorrente con ritenuta ridotta alla fonte.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          La residenza resta il nodo cruciale
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Nei casi risolti a favore del contribuente il presupposto è sempre uno dei due: o il reddito è pagato da uno Stato contraente per servizi resi a quello Stato, o il contribuente è effettivamente residente negli Emirati. È sul secondo che l'Agenzia concentra i controlli. Dal 1° gennaio 2024, per effetto del D.Lgs. 209/2023, l'art. 2 TUIR definisce il domicilio come il luogo in cui si sviluppano in via principale le relazioni personali e familiari e aggiunge il criterio della presenza fisica per la maggior parte dell'anno (circolare 20/E del 4 novembre 2024). L'iscrizione all'AIRE, da sola, non prova nulla. Per gli Emirati resta poi la presunzione relativa del comma 2-bis, con l'onere della prova a carico del contribuente.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La Cassazione ha alleggerito il carico formale, non quello sostanziale. Chi chiede il rimborso deve essere in grado di documentare abitazione permanente, permanenza fisica, collocazione della famiglia, conti correnti, contratti, e deve aver adempiuto al monitoraggio fiscale per gli anni in cui era residente in Italia (D.L. 167/1990, quadro RW). Un dossier costruito prima del trasferimento vale più di qualsiasi certificato.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Pillole operative
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Chi ha subito ritenute o versato IRPEF su redditi che la Convenzione assegna “soltanto” agli Emirati può presentare istanza di rimborso ai sensi dell'art. 38 del D.P.R. 602/1973 entro quarantotto mesi dal versamento. Trascorsi novanta giorni senza risposta, il silenzio-rifiuto è impugnabile davanti alla Corte di giustizia tributaria (art. 21, comma 2, D.Lgs. 546/1992). Per il futuro, il datore di lavoro italiano che dispone di documentazione adeguata sulla residenza estera del dipendente può applicare direttamente la Convenzione e non operare la ritenuta, con l'assunzione di responsabilità che ne deriva.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sono situazioni in cui la differenza tra un rimborso accolto e un accertamento la fa la qualità della documentazione, non la bontà del principio. Il principio, ormai, la Cassazione lo ha fissato.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          RIFERIMENTI
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          –	Convenzione Italia-Emirati Arabi Uniti, Abu Dhabi 22 gennaio 1995, ratificata con L. 28 agosto 1997, n. 309, in vigore dal 5 novembre 1997 (artt. 4, 15, 19, 23, 28)
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          –	Cass., Sez. trib., 9 agosto 2024, n. 22585 (udienza 19 aprile 2024) – art. 19, remunerazioni per servizi resi allo Stato emiratino
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          –	Cass., Sez. trib., 18 dicembre 2023, n. 35284 – art. 15, dipendente residente negli Emirati; presunzione art. 2, c. 2-bis, TUIR; certificato art. 28
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          –	Cass. 994/2024; Cass. 1210/2020; Cass. 18237 e 18238/2021
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          –	D.P.R. 917/1986, artt. 2, 3, 51 c. 8-bis, 165, 169; D.P.R. 600/1973, art. 75; D.P.R. 602/1973, art. 38; D.Lgs. 546/1992, art. 21; D.Lgs. 209/2023; D.M. 4 maggio 1999; circolare AE 20/E/2024; Convenzione di Vienna 1969, art. 31 (L. 112/1974)
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/022_convenzione-italia-emirati-tassazione-redditi-este.png" length="52170" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2026 14:39:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/convenzione-italia-emirati-redditi-tassati-solo-all-estero</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/022_convenzione-italia-emirati-tassazione-redditi-este.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/022_convenzione-italia-emirati-tassazione-redditi-este.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Four Per Cent.</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-inheritance-tax-rates-allowances</link>
      <description>Italy taxes inheritances to spouse and children at 4% above a €1,000,000 allowance per heir, on cadastral value. What a Sardinian house costs to pass on.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          What it costs to leave a house in Sardinia to your children, and why the figure comes from the cadastral record rather than the market price.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;a href="/"&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-06.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/a&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-06.png"/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Four per cent is the rate of Italian inheritance tax for a spouse and for relatives in the direct line, and it applies only to the part of what each heir receives that exceeds €1,000,000.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The allowance belongs to the individual who inherits, not to the estate as a whole, and that is the detail that matters most: an estate of €3,000,000 left in equal shares to a spouse and two children produces no inheritance tax, because none of the three crosses their own threshold. [1]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Above the threshold the arithmetic is linear. A child who receives €1,400,000 pays 4 per cent on €400,000, which is €16,000. For brothers and sisters the rate rises to 6 per cent, with an allowance of €100,000 each; for other relatives up to the fourth degree and for relatives by marriage in the direct line, 6 per cent applies with no allowance; for anyone else, including an unregistered partner, the rate is 8 per cent on the whole amount. Where the beneficiary is a person with a severe disability, the allowance rises to €1,500,000 whatever the family relationship. [1]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The figures sit in Article 7 of the Italian Inheritance and Gift Tax Code (Testo unico dell'imposta sulle successioni e donazioni, Legislative Decree 346/1990), in the version rewritten by Legislative Decree 139/2024 and in force since 1 January 2025.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          A caution for anyone reading the sources directly: the new consolidated code on indirect taxes, Legislative Decree 123/2025, repeats them word for word, but its application has been postponed to 1 January 2027, so a reader today is reading a text that does not yet apply. [1][2]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           The second determinant is the value to which the 4 per cent applies, and for property that value is not the market price. It is the cadastral value: the notional rent (rendita catastale) shown on the land registry extract (visura catastale), uprated by 5 per cent and multiplied by 120, or by 110 where the heir qualifies for main-home relief (prima casa).
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          A villa near the coast that would sell today for €900,000 often carries a rendita of around €1,500; 1,500 × 1.05 is 1,575, and × 120 is 189,000. The tax is computed on that value,
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           and if the heir declares at least that figure the Agenzia delle Entrate (Italian Revenue Agency) cannot revise it. Anyone with the extract in hand can do the sum in two minutes, and usually finds the house alone uses up less than a fifth of the allowance. [3]
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          On €189,000, 4 per cent would be €7,560; with the allowance, nothing.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Beyond inheritance tax there are two further charges almost nobody mentions: the mortgage registration tax (imposta ipotecaria) at 2 per cent and the cadastral tax (imposta catastale) at 1 per cent, both levied on the cadastral value and both due even when inheritance tax itself is zero. On the villa above they come to €3,780 plus €1,890, which is €5,670, payable before the transfer of title can be recorded. If at least one heir qualifies for main-home relief, and qualifies for it in Italy, both fall to a fixed €200 each. That is why a zero-tax succession still costs something. [4]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Article 2 of the same Code anchors the tax to the residence of the deceased: a person resident in Italy at death is taxed on all assets wherever they are, so the London account and the Munich flat come in too; a person not resident in Italy is taxed only on assets located in Italy. For someone who owns a house in Sardinia without having moved, the Italian succession concerns that house and nothing else. For someone who has moved, the 4 per cent and the per-heir allowance extend to the whole estate, and tax paid abroad on foreign assets is credited against the Italian tax, but only that. [5]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          To a foreign reader these numbers look trifling, and they are.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In the United Kingdom the rate is 40 per cent above a £325,000 threshold that attaches to the whole estate, not to each heir, with only the spouse exempt; in France the direct line pays in bands rising to 45 per cent, with an allowance of €100,000 per child; in Germany the allowance per child is €400,000 and the rates climb from 7 to 30 per cent. These are matters of foreign law, to be confirmed with a local adviser, but the structural gap is obvious: a threshold per person rather than per estate, a single rate rather than a progressive scale, a cadastral base rather than a market one. [6]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Take a typical case. A foreign couple buy in Gallura and remain resident in their own country; when one of them dies, the family goes to the notary at home, settles the estate under the rules at home, and only on trying to sell or re-register the Sardinian house learns that Italy has a separate inheritance tax return (dichiarazione di successione), to be filed electronically within twelve months of the death even when the tax is zero, because there is a property. By then the twelve months have passed, and late regularisation costs penalties and interest. The right order is the reverse: open the Italian file first, then coordinate the rest. [7]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Since 1 January 2025 the tax is no longer assessed by the tax office but self-assessed by the heirs in the return, and it is payable within ninety days of the filing deadline: in practice up to fifteen months from the death, with the option of 20 per cent at once and the balance in quarterly instalments. The Agenzia delle Entrate checks afterwards. The reform also abolished the aggregation of lifetime gifts (coacervo successorio): lifetime gifts are no longer added back to the estate to erode the allowance, so a child who received €600,000 in 2019 keeps the full €1,000,000 intact on the parent's death. For gifts between living persons the aggregation remains, and should be borne in mind before giving. [7][8]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          This arrangement is not stable, and it pays to know it. The €1,000,000 allowance is the same as in 2006 and twenty years of inflation have thinned it; the tax was abolished in 2001 and reintroduced in 2006, and what Parliament has done twice it can do a third time. And the 4 per cent is only the Italian side: the heirs' home State, if it still regards them as its taxpayers, may tax the same house a second time, and the Italian credit does not cover that case. [5]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Before any planning, then, with the documents in hand: obtain the land registry extract for every Italian property and work out the cadastral value with the formula above; count the heirs and attribute to each their share, because the allowance is measured person by person; check where the person leaving the estate is resident today, and where those receiving it are.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sources
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [1] Legislative Decree 346 of 31 October 1990 (Testo unico dell'imposta sulle successioni e donazioni, TUS), Article 7, paragraphs 1 and 2, as replaced by Article 1, paragraph 1, of Legislative Decree 139 of 18 September 2024, with effect from 1 January 2025. Reintroduction of the tax: Decree-Law 262 of 3 October 2006, Article 2, paragraphs 47-53, converted by Law 286 of 24 November 2006. Earlier abolition: Law 383 of 18 October 2001, Article 13.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [2] Legislative Decree 123 of 1 August 2025 (Testo unico delle disposizioni legislative in materia di imposta di registro e di altri tributi indiretti), Part III. Postponement of application to 1 January 2027: Decree-Law 200 of 31 December 2025, Article 4, paragraphs 1-5, converted by Law 26 of 27 February 2026.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [3] TUS, Article 34, paragraph 5 (automatic valuation, by reference to Article 52, paragraphs 4 and 5, of Presidential Decree 131 of 26 April 1986); Law 662 of 23 December 1996, Article 3, paragraph 48 (5% uprating of cadastral rents); Law 350 of 24 December 2003, Article 2, paragraph 63, and Decree-Law 168 of 12 July 2004, Article 1-bis, paragraph 7 (multipliers raised to 110 and 120).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [4] Legislative Decree 347 of 31 October 1990 (Testo unico delle imposte ipotecaria e catastale), Articles 1, 2 and 10 and attached Tariff (2% and 1%, minimum €200 each); Law 342 of 21 November 2000, Article 69, paragraph 3 (fixed €200 where the main-home conditions are met).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [5] TUS, Article 2, paragraphs 1 and 2 (territorial scope) and Article 26, paragraph 1, letter b) (credit for tax paid abroad on assets located there).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [6] Foreign law, to be confirmed jurisdiction by jurisdiction: United Kingdom, Inheritance Tax Act 1984, nil-rate band of £325,000 and 40% rate; France, Code général des impôts, Articles 777 and 779; Germany, Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz, §§ 16 and 19.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [7] TUS, Article 28 (electronic filing), Article 31 (twelve-month deadline), Article 33 (self-assessment and payment within ninety days of the filing deadline) and Article 38 (instalments with a 20% down payment); Agenzia delle Entrate, Circular 3/E of 16 April 2025.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [8] TUS, Article 8, paragraph 4, repealed by Article 1 of Legislative Decree 139/2024 (aggregation of gifts on death); Article 57 (aggregation for gift tax purposes only).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Agostino Galizia, chartered accountant and statutory auditor in Cagliari, Sardinia. Registered with the Ordine dei Dottori Commercialisti ed Esperti Contabili di Cagliari (no. 1330/A) and the Italian register of statutory auditors (no. 80487). Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati S.r.l. STP.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          For anyone who wants a figure rather than an explanation, the firm prepares a succession exposure map: a written estimate of the inheritance tax due on Italian and foreign assets, in the current scenario and after a possible move of residence to Italy, with a defined scope and a fee agreed before work begins.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          This article is for information only and is not a substitute for advice on your specific circumstances.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-06.png" length="120536" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2026 15:55:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-inheritance-tax-rates-allowances</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-06.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-06.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Regime You May Have Already Lost</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-tax-regimes-prior-non-residence</link>
      <description>Italy's 7% regime requires five tax years of prior non-residence. One 183-day summer can push access back to 2032. Check your day count first.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Italy's favourable tax regimes require years of prior non-residence.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
      
          One Sardinian summer too many may already have used them up.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-05.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Five clean years: that is the entry price of the 7 per cent regime. Anyone who moves their residence to an eligible municipality in Southern Italy and wants their foreign income taxed at a substitute rate of 7 per cent must not have been resident in Italy for tax purposes in the five tax periods before the year of the move. Article 24-ter, paragraph 2, of the Italian Income Tax Code (TUIR) says so [1]. For individuals, the tax period coincides with the calendar year. Five whole years, one after another, with no exceptions: if even one of them turns out to be 'Italian', the regime does not start. And since Law 34/2026 raised the population ceiling for eligible municipalities, the regime now covers almost every comune in Sardinia [6].
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The other two favourable regimes work the same way, with different numbers. The flat tax for new residents (Article 24-bis TUIR) requires nine years of non-residence out of the last ten, so one wrong year is tolerated [2]. The regime for inbound workers, the so-called impatriati, requires three (Article 5 of Legislative Decree 209/2023), rising to six or seven for those returning to work for the same employer or the same group [3]. The logic is the same across all three: the reward goes to people genuinely arriving from abroad, not to people returning after a short break. So far, familiar rules. The problem is what many foreign owners do not know: since 2024 you can become an Italian tax resident simply by spending too many days here. Without registering with the municipal population register, and without meaning to.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The rule itself is simple to state. Since 1 January 2024, anyone physically present in Italy for the greater part of the year — 183 days, or 184 in a leap year — is resident for tax purposes. This is the new Article 2, paragraph 2, of the TUIR, rewritten by Legislative Decree 209/2023 [4]. Fractions of a day count too: the day you arrive and the day you leave each count in full. And what matters is presence as such, not the reason for it: a holiday weighs exactly as much as remote work done from the Sardinian house for a foreign employer, as the Agenzia delle entrate (the Italian Revenue Agency) clarified in its circolare (circular) No 20/E of 4 November 2024 [5].
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Take a concrete case. A foreign owner opens the house in mid-May and closes it in mid-October: roughly 154 days. Easter week adds 7. The Christmas and New Year break, another 10 or so. Three long weekends across the rest of the year, another 12. Total: past 183. Nobody in the family has ever spoken about moving, yet for the Italian tax authorities that is a resident year. And the count has to be redone for each year of the five, not just the last one.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Resident, moreover, means resident for the whole year, from January to December. Half-year residence does not exist in Italy, apart from the few double tax treaties that allow a split year for mid-year moves, among them those with Germany and Switzerland.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          What does that involuntary year cost? Two distinct things. The first: for that year you pay Italian tax on all your income, wherever in the world it arises, and you must complete the quadro RW, the section of the Italian tax return where residents list the bank accounts, properties and investments they hold abroad [7]. The second, which is the subject of this article: that year contaminates the count of prior non-residence, and pushes the regime you were planning further into the future.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          How far, the dates will tell you. Suppose the compromised year is 2026. For the 7 per cent regime the clean five-year run restarts in 2027 and closes with 2031: the first available option therefore falls on the 2032 tax period. Someone planning to move in 2027 loses five years over one summer. For the impatriati the delay is shorter, with access sliding to 2030. The 24-bis usually survives, because it tolerates one year in ten. The paradox is plain to see: the regime foreign pensioners want most, the 7 per cent, is also the strictest of the three about the past.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In my office I see the same wrong sequence, almost every time. First the house is bought. Then it is furnished and lived in 'almost all year round'. Only at the end, often a few weeks before the formal move, comes the question of which regime applies. The check on the previous five years, which should be the first step of the whole journey, arrives last, when the compromised years are already history and can no longer be corrected.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The check itself is done with documents the client already has at home: boarding passes, card statements, motorway toll records, the utility bills of the Sardinian house. They are the same documents the Agenzia delle entrate can use to recount the days in an audit, because the digital trail of a long summer is dense and does not fade. In my experience the problem is almost never a missing document: it is the client convinced that nobody counts the days, while his own bank statement is already counting them for him.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The risk needs stating in full. The option for these regimes is self-assessed: you exercise it in your tax return, and no office validates it at that moment. If the five-year period was compromised, the problem surfaces when the assessment arrives, possibly years later: loss of the regime, ordinary taxation of all foreign income for the years under challenge, penalties and interest. The tax office has until 31 December of the fifth year after the year in which the return was filed [8]. And proving the days, at that point, falls on the taxpayer.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The operational instruction is a single one. Before fixing the year of your move, recount your days of presence in Italy for each of the last five years, documents in hand. If 2026 is at risk, the calendar decision needs taking now, with four months of the year still to run, not in January, when the count will be closed.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sources
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [1] Article 24-ter, paragraph 2, of Presidential Decree No 917 of 22 December 1986 (TUIR, the Italian Income Tax Code).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [2] Article 24-bis, paragraph 1, TUIR.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [3] Article 5, paragraph 1, of Legislative Decree No 209 of 27 December 2023.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [4] Article 2, paragraph 2, TUIR, as replaced by Article 1 of Legislative Decree 209/2023.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [5] Circolare of the Agenzia delle entrate No 20/E of 4 November 2024.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [6] Article 26 of Law No 34 of 11 March 2026.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [7] Article 4 of Decree-Law No 167 of 28 June 1990, converted into Law No 227 of 4 August 1990.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [8] Article 43, paragraph 1, of Presidential Decree No 600 of 29 September 1973.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          A preliminary eligibility check
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          A documentary reconstruction of your tax residence over the last five tax periods, with a year-by-year day count and a written opinion on access to the regimes under Articles 24-bis and 24-ter TUIR and Article 5 of Legislative Decree 209/2023, including the first tax period in which the option can be exercised. Scope and fee agreed in writing before the engagement begins.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Agostino Galizia
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Chartered accountant and statutory auditor in Cagliari, Sardinia · Ordine dei Dottori Commercialisti ed Esperti Contabili di Cagliari No 1330/A · Italian register of statutory auditors No 80487.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          This article is for general information only and is no substitute for advice on your specific circumstances.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-05.png" length="120536" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:08:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-tax-regimes-prior-non-residence</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-05.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-05.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>What You Cannot Build</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/building-coast-sardinia-planning-rules</link>
      <description>Sardinia’s protected coastal band goes far beyond Italy’s 300-metre rule. What you can build near the sea, and the three checks to run before you sign.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          What You Cannot Build
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-04.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The sign on the land says “for sale”, not “buildable”, and the difference can be devastating.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The question that brings a reader to this page is essentially this: that plot of land with a sea view, in Sardinia — can you build on it? In the great majority of cases the answer is no. Italian national law places all coastal land within 300 metres of the shoreline under landscape protection [1], but in Sardinia the protected band is considerably wider than that, because the Piano Paesaggistico Regionale (Regional Landscape Plan) of 2006 classifies the entire coastal belt as a single protected landscape asset and, on land that is currently undeveloped, prohibits any transformation whatsoever, subject to a short list of express exceptions in which new residential building does not appear [2].
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          What almost always escapes buyers arriving from abroad is that the coastal belt defined by the regional plan does not coincide with the 300 metres. It is a boundary drawn on the plan's own maps, district by district, and in several parts of the island it runs kilometres inland, following ridgelines and visual basins rather than a fixed distance. The Constitutional Court has said so in plain terms: the coastal belt protected as a unitary asset extends well beyond the 300 metres covered by national law [3]. The real question, then, is not how far the land is from the sea but which side of the boundary it falls on — and the only thing that answers it is laying the cadastral parcel over the plan's cartography, not the estate agent's listing.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The cartography is public and anyone can consult it, yet almost nobody looks at it before signing.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In my practice the problem arrives in the same order every time, and generally the wrong one. First the deposit, paid at the height of summer on a piece of agricultural land with a for-sale sign and a half-collapsed fence, on the agent's word that a small house can be built there. Then, weeks later, the certificato di destinazione urbanistica, the zoning certificate the notary requests in order to prepare the deed. It is in that document that the buyer first reads the words agricultural zone E, coastal belt, and sometimes a third expression that nobody had ever said aloud: usi civici.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Outside the coastal belt the question moves to agricultural zone E, where residential building is permitted at a building index of 0.03 cubic metres for every square metre of land, on a minimum plot of one hectare [7]. The arithmetic is simple, and anyone can run it on the land they are considering. A plot of 10,000 square metres therefore yields 300 cubic metres: with an internal height of three metres, a building of roughly 100 square metres. On a plot of 3,000 square metres the result is zero, because below the minimum plot size the index does not apply at all. And inside the coastal belt, on undeveloped land, the calculation never begins.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Usi civici (collective use rights held by local communities) are the most treacherous variable, because they are invisible. Large parts of the island, including areas close to the coast, are collective lands burdened by these rights: by law they cannot be sold, cannot be acquired by adverse possession, and are bound in perpetuity to agricultural, forestry and pastoral use [8]. A sale that touches them is exposed to nullity, and the seller himself may be unaware of the burden in perfect good faith, because it does not show up in an ordinary cadastral search but in regional surveys and municipal inventories. In several coastal municipalities, moreover, those surveys are still under way, and the answer from the offices takes weeks that must be budgeted for before the preliminary contract, not after completion. The check itself is reasonably quick; skipping it puts the entire purchase price at risk.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sellers, and those who broker for them, often object that the rules are about to change. The objection rests on the wrong facts. Regional Law 18 of 2025, which reorganised Sardinian building law and partially transposed the national decree known as Salva Casa, was challenged by the national government, and the Constitutional Court, in two judgments filed between May and June 2026, struck out substantial parts of it: the definitions of building irregularity based on rigid quantitative thresholds, the exemption of volumetric extensions within the existing envelope from the building permit, and retrospective authorisation in areas under hydrogeological constraint [4][5][6]. In the meantime the Region has opened the procedure to update the landscape plan, launched in June 2026 with territorial hearings.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The script, for that matter, has been running for more than fifteen years. Regional derogation laws — the piani casa and the extensions tied to a future law on land governance — have ended up before the Constitutional Court again and again, and judgment 24 of 2022 annulled the latest extension precisely on the ground that an indefinite succession of deferrals interferes with landscape protection [3]. In twelve months the legal framework has changed three times, and each time the point of arrival has been the restoration of national protection, not its loosening. Buying today on the bet of a future liberalisation means paying for a hectare of Mediterranean scrub at the price of a building plot.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          None of this means that nothing gets built in Sardinia any more. Inside urban centres, building follows the municipal urban plan, and what can be done depends on the zoning of the parcel, not on the view. Existing buildings can be worked on: the recovery and reuse of stazzi (the traditional rural farmsteads) and other country buildings is the channel through which most of the houses near the sea that actually get built come into being, with the limit, after judgment 86 of 2026, that a volumetric increase, even within the existing envelope, requires a building permit, not a simple notification. For anyone who wants a house on the coast, the realistic route is almost always an existing building to restore, not bare land to build on.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The operating instruction, before signing any preliminary contract for land: obtain an up-to-date certificato di destinazione urbanistica, have a surveyor overlay the parcel on the landscape plan's cartography, and ask the municipality and the Region for certification on the existence of usi civici. Three documents and a few hundred euros, against a deposit ordinarily worth a thousand times as much.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sources
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [1] Article 142(1)(a) of the Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio (Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape), Legislative Decree 42 of 22 January 2004.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [2] Piano Paesaggistico Regionale of Sardinia, approved by Regional Government Resolution 36/7 of 5 September 2006 — Technical Implementation Rules, Articles 19 and 20.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [3] Constitutional Court, judgment 24/2022.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [4] Sardinian Regional Law 18 of 17 June 2025 (reorganisation and coordination of regional building and planning legislation).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [5] Constitutional Court, judgment 86/2026.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [6] Constitutional Court, judgment 100/2026.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [7] Regional planning decree 2266/U of 20 December 1983 (planning standards for agricultural zones in Sardinia).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [8] Law 168 of 20 November 2017 (collective land domains), Article 3(3).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Agostino Galizia — chartered accountant and statutory auditor in Cagliari, Sardinia. Registered with the Ordine dei Dottori Commercialisti ed Esperti Contabili di Cagliari, no. 1330/A, and with the Italian register of statutory auditors, no. 80487.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Offer
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          For readers evaluating a specific plot, my firm carries out a preliminary buildability check on the individual parcel: obtaining the zoning certificate, overlaying the parcel on the landscape plan’s cartography, and certification on the existence of usi civici, with a written closing report. Scope and a fixed fee are agreed in writing before the engagement begins.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Disclaimer
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          This article is for information only and does not constitute professional advice. Every actual situation requires specific analysis.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-04.png" length="120444" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 10:48:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/building-coast-sardinia-planning-rules</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-04.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-04.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Five Checks Before You Sign</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/buying-property-sardinia-checks</link>
      <description>Two of these five checks cannot be put right at any price: works built inside the 300-metre coastal strip, and land under collective rights.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Five Checks Before You Sign
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-03-fd552801.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Buying property in Sardinia: what to establish before the preliminary contract, and what can no longer be put right
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          On a house at six hundred thousand euro the deposit comes to around ten per cent, payable on signature of the preliminary contract, which is precisely the moment at which the checks it would have been sensible to run beforehand become your problem. Running them in advance would have cost a fraction of that sum and taken three weeks.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The five below are the ones I see skipped most often, set out in ascending order of seriousness, because while the first two can be resolved one way or another, for the remaining three money is not the relevant variable.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          1. The building’s lawful planning status
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Lawful planning status is the documentary reconstruction of a building’s planning history, meaning the consent that authorised its construction together with every later consent that altered it, and it cannot be substituted either by the fact that the house has stood for thirty years or by a declaration from the seller, however honestly given. [1]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The Salva Casa decree has made that proof less demanding than it used to be, since retrospective consents, fines paid in place of demolition and construction tolerances all now count towards lawful status, provided the corresponding penalties have been paid, while for buildings dating from a period when no consent was required at all, evidence pointing to one may be enough. [1] Tolerances are the permitted margins of divergence between the approved drawings and the building as it stands, which do not amount to a planning breach; for works completed by 24 May 2024 they run from six per cent up to sixty square metres down to two per cent above five hundred, [2] which means that in a flat of eighty square metres a discrepancy of four metres is not an unlawful work.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          There is one limit on which most of the misunderstandings rest, and it is that tolerances operate only where a lawful consent exists behind them, so they never make regular what was built without any consent whatsoever.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          2. Conformity with the cadastral record
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The deed of sale must set out the property’s cadastral identifiers, refer to the floor plans on file and contain the seller’s declaration that the physical state of the property matches those records, failing which the deed is void, [3] and void here carries its full meaning: a sale lacking those elements produces no legal effect at all.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In practice the difficulty is not the declaration, which the seller makes in any event, but the fact that it frequently does not correspond to reality without anyone noticing, at least until the bank’s surveyor arrives to carry out the valuation, or until you try to sell the place on some years later; and the discrepancies in question — a wall moved, a bathroom carved out of a veranda, a mezzanine put in where none was approved — are invisible if you simply walk through the rooms, and become apparent only when you set the rooms against the plan held at the cadastre.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          3. Landscape protection and the coastal strip
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          With landscape protection you leave the territory of what can be put right by paying for it. Coastal land within three hundred metres of the shoreline is protected by statute, and because the distance is measured as a horizontal projection a villa built on a headland falls within it even when it stands fifty metres above the sea, [4] while in Sardinia the national protection is compounded by the Regional Landscape Plan, which across the undeveloped parts of the coastal strip rules out any development at all beyond a closed list of exceptions. [5]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The consequence that matters to a buyer lies in article 167 of the Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code, under which anyone who has carried out works in a protected area without landscape consent may apply for retrospective approval only on condition that no usable floor space or volume was created, [6] so that in the opposite case there is no route to regularisation at all, however much one may be prepared to spend or to wait.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The works that fall into this category are perfectly ordinary ones, from an enclosed veranda to a roofed terrace to a plant room for the swimming pool, and they are also the works that make a house by the sea desirable, which is why they appear without fail in the photographs attached to the listing.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          4. Collective land rights
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Collective land rights, known in Italy as usi civici, are the check missing from almost every list in circulation, and in Sardinia they are anything but marginal. Land subject to them appears in a general inventory maintained by the regional agriculture department, [7] and the restriction attaches to the legal status of the land rather than to its appearance, with the result that it survives even in areas that have already been built on, and stays with the land even where the collective right itself is bought out. [8]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Since land carrying a collective right cannot be freely sold, you may find yourself looking at a plot with a house standing on it, a seller acting in complete good faith and a chain of notarial deeds that appears entirely in order, while the restriction has remained exactly where it was for the simple reason that nobody in any of the earlier transactions took the trouble to check.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          5. Where the seller’s title came from
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The last check concerns who the seller bought from, and on what basis. If the property was inherited, it needs to be established that the succession was properly declared and registered and that no forced heirs were left out, since a forced-heirship claim can be brought against the purchase within periods running from the date of death; and if a gift appears anywhere in the chain of title, allow for it early, because many banks will not lend against property that came by way of gift, and the point tends to surface once the mortgage application is already under way.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          How this works in practice
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The mistake I see recurring is not so much skipping the checks as running them in the wrong order, because the irrevocable offer gets signed on the strength of an agency reporting another interested party, the deposit is paid when the preliminary contract is signed, and the surveyor appears three weeks before completion, by which point the only alternative to going through with the purchase is litigation to recover the sixty thousand euro.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The first two checks are carried out by a qualified professional, a surveyor or an architect, cross-referencing the municipal planning archive with the cadastre, while the third and fourth call for the mapping of the Regional Landscape Plan and the inventory of land subject to collective rights, neither of which is exhaustive on its own; the last is done through the property registers.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          None of this is tax advice and none of it is carried out by this firm. When a foreign client arrives with an offer already signed, what I can do is explain what remains recoverable, and that is appreciably less useful than what could have been done three weeks earlier.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          The checklist
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
            
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
            
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          If you have already signed an offer, the question is no longer which checks to run but how much room you have left, and the answer depends on how the offer is worded, on what the seller declared and on how much time has passed. Send me what you signed and I will tell you which of the two situations you are in.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sources
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [1] Article 9-bis(1-bis) and (1-ter) of Presidential Decree 380 of 6 June 2001, as amended by Decree-Law 69 of 29 May 2024, converted into Law 105 of 24 July 2024 (the Salva Casa decree). On the relationship between amnestied works and lawful status, Council of State, sixth chamber, 9 April 2026 no. 2848.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [2] Article 34-bis of Presidential Decree 380/2001, for works completed by 24 May 2024.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [3] Article 29(1-bis) of Law 52 of 27 February 1985, introduced by Article 19(14) of Decree-Law 78 of 31 May 2010.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [4] Article 142(1)(a) of Legislative Decree 42 of 22 January 2004.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [5] Articles 19 and 20 of the implementing rules of the Regional Landscape Plan of Sardinia.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [6] Article 167(4) and (5) of Legislative Decree 42/2004.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [7] General inventory of land subject to collective rights, Article 7 of Sardinian Regional Law 12 of 14 March 1994; Article 22 of the implementing rules of the Regional Landscape Plan.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [8] Law 168 of 20 November 2017 on collective ownership.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Agostino Galizia is a chartered accountant and statutory auditor in Cagliari, Sardinia, and a partner of Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati. He is registered with the Ordine dei Dottori Commercialisti ed Esperti Contabili di Cagliari (no. 1330/A) and with the Italian register of statutory auditors (no. 80487).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          This article contains general information on Italian law as it stands at the date of publication. It is not advice on any particular case and should not be relied on as such.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-03.png" length="120591" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2026 12:38:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/buying-property-sardinia-checks</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-03.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-03.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tassazione a Malta 2026: come funziona il rimborso 6/7 e l'aliquota effettiva al 5%</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/fiscalita-malta-imprese-italiane</link>
      <description>Sistema fiscale maltese spiegato da un commercialista: rimborso 6/7, participation exemption, rischi di esterovestizione per le imprese italiane.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          All'inizio del 2026 Malta si avviava a essere ancora la nazione UE con la crescita più alta: fiscalità ridotta per i non residenti, sistema bancario affidabile e ruolo di ponte tra UE e Regno Unito.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/130_aprire-filiale-malta-copertina-v3.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           A inizio 2026 Malta si avviava a essere, ancora una volta, la nazione UE con il tasso di crescita più elevato (indovinate chi era l'ultima in classifica).
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Le previsioni di primavera della Commissione europea hanno poi confermato il quadro: +3,7% atteso per il 2026, il dato più alto tra i ventisette Stati membri, contro una media UE ferma all'1,1% e un'Italia relegata in coda con un modesto +0,5%.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Un risultato costruito su pochi fattori decisivi: imposizione fiscale ridotta per i non residenti, affidabilità del sistema amministrativo e bancario, e tutti i vantaggi di un ponte tra l'UE e il Regno Unito con la garanzia dell'euro.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Per le imprese italiane che guardano oltre confine, l'apertura di una società o di una branch sull'isola rappresenta quindi un'opzione da valutare con attenzione, combinando fiscalità di favore e stabilità di un ordinamento europeo.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Ma come funziona, in concreto, il sistema maltese? E quali cautele deve adottare chi parte dall'Italia?
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           -
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il paradosso maltese: l'aliquota più alta d'Europa che diventa la più bassa
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Chi si ferma all'aliquota nominale resta spiazzato: Malta applica alle società residenti un'imposta sul reddito del 35%, la più elevata dell'Unione (va però detto che non esiste imposta sostitutiva sulla distribuzione dei dividendi e l'aliquota "IRPEF" maltese  massima è il 35%).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
           Il meccanismo interessante scatta dopo, al momento della distribuzione degli utili.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Malta adotta infatti un sistema di *full imputation*: l'imposta pagata dalla società viene imputata al socio, che — se "non residente" a Malta — può chiedere al fisco maltese il rimborso di una quota consistente di quanto versato. Nella configurazione più comune, quella dei redditi d'impresa (*trading income*), il rimborso è pari a 6/7 dell'imposta societaria: dei 35 punti pagati, 30 vengono rimborsati al socio. Il carico effettivo scende così attorno al 5%.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Un esempio numerico rende l'idea. Una società maltese realizza 100.000 euro di utile e paga 35.000 euro di imposta. Distribuisce il dividendo al socio italiano (persona giuridica non residente a Malta), il quale presenta istanza di rimborso al Commissioner for Revenue e recupera 30.000 euro. Il prelievo netto a Malta si ferma a 5.000 euro e i rimborsi su istanze telematiche complete vengono in genere lavorati in poche settimane.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Il rimborso non è sempre di 6/7. Per i redditi passivi — interessi e royalties non derivanti da attività commerciale — la quota si riduce a 5/7, con un'aliquota effettiva intorno al 10%. Se la società ha beneficiato di sgravi per doppia imposizione sui redditi esteri, il rimborso si riduce a 2/3.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Va sottolineato un aspetto spesso frainteso: non si tratta di un regime agevolativo o di un incentivo selettivo, ma di un sistema strutturale di eliminazione della doppia imposizione economica, ritenuto compatibile con la disciplina UE sugli aiuti di Stato. È proprio questa architettura — aliquota nominale alta, rimborso al socio — che ha consentito a Malta di non finire nelle liste dei paesi a fiscalità privilegiata (grey or black list).
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Participation exemption: holding a tassazione zero
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Il secondo pilastro è la *participation exemption* maltese, particolarmente generosa. I dividendi e le plusvalenze derivanti da una "partecipazione qualificata" (*participating holding*) sono integralmente esenti da imposta. La qualifica si ottiene con requisiti alternativi piuttosto accessibili: tra questi, una partecipazione di almeno il 5% del capitale, oppure un investimento minimo di circa 1,16 milioni di euro detenuto per almeno 183 giorni.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Questo rende Malta una piazza interessante per strutture holding: la sub-holding maltese che incassa dividendi dalle controllate operative e realizza plusvalenze da cessione non sconta, a determinate condizioni, alcuna imposizione locale. A ciò si aggiunge l'assenza di ritenute in uscita: Malta non applica la c.d. *withholding tax* sui dividendi distribuiti a soci non residenti, né su interessi e royalties.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Gli altri tasselli: NID, rete convenzionale, regime del 15%
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Il quadro si completa con alcuni strumenti meno noti ma rilevanti:
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           La "Notional Interest Deduction" consente di dedurre un interesse figurativo sul capitale proprio di nuova formazione — concettualmente simile alla nostra vecchia ACE — riducendo la base imponibile senza necessità di distribuire utili né di attendere rimborsi.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Le convenzioni contro le doppie imposizioni contano oltre 70 trattati, inclusa naturalmente la convenzione con l'Italia, e garantisce la copertura delle direttive UE madre-figlia e interessi-royalties.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Dal settembre 2025 esiste inoltre un'alternativa secca: il regime **FITWI** (*Final Income Tax Without Imputation*, Legal Notice 188/2025), che consente di optare per un'imposta finale del 15%, senza rimborsi e senza imputazione. Sul piano puramente numerico non batte mai l'imposizione indiretta tradizionale del 5%, ma offre semplicità operativa e una lettura più lineare agli occhi delle amministrazioni fiscali estere e degli istituti di credito. L'opzione vincola società e socio per cinque esercizi.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Quanto alla "global minimum tax" (Pillar Two), Malta ha recepito la direttiva UE ma si è avvalsa della deroga concessa ai piccoli Stati membri, rinviando l'applicazione delle regole principali fino a fine 2029. Per i gruppi sotto la soglia dei 750 milioni di euro di ricavi consolidati — cioè la quasi totalità delle strutture italiane interessate — il sistema del rimborso resta pienamente operativo.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          La sostanza prima della forma
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           E' la parte più delicata, perché il vero rischio per l'imprenditore italiano non è a Malta ma l'Agenzia delle Entrate in Italia.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Una società maltese amministrata di fatto dall'Italia rientra nel perimetro dell'esterovestizione: l'art. 73, comma 3, del TUIR considera residente in Italia la società estera che ha nel nostro Paese la sede di direzione effettiva o la gestione ordinaria in via principale. In quel caso, l'intero reddito viene attratto a tassazione italiana, con sanzioni pesanti.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Anche superato questo scoglio, opera la disciplina **CFC** dell'art. 167 TUIR: se la controllata maltese sconta una tassazione effettiva inferiore al 15% e realizza prevalentemente passive income, i suoi redditi possono essere imputati per trasparenza al socio italiano, salvo dimostrare l'esercizio di un'attività economica effettiva con personale, attrezzature e locali.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           La parola chiave, dunque, è "sostanza": uffici reali, amministratori che risiedono e deliberano sull'isola, personale adeguato all'attività svolta, autonomia decisionale documentabile. Lo scambio automatico di informazioni tra amministrazioni fiscali UE rende le strutture di pura facciata non solo rischiose, ma sostanzialmente indifendibili.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Resta poi la scelta tra branch (stabile organizzazione della società italiana) e subsidiary (società di diritto maltese): la prima è più snella ma attrae il reddito nella dichiarazione italiana con credito d'imposta, la seconda consente di sfruttare appieno il sistema dei rimborsi ma richiede maggiore struttura.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          In conclusione
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Malta offre un ordinamento fiscale competitivo, stabile e — questo il punto spesso trascurato — perfettamente legale nella cornice europea, a condizione che l'insediamento sia genuino. Non è una scorciatoia per abbattere il carico fiscale di un'attività che resta, nei fatti, italiana: va vista come un'opzione di pianificazione per chi ha ragioni imprenditoriali concrete per operare dall'isola, dalla presenza effettiva  nei mercati esteri alla gestione di partecipazioni internazionali.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
      
           Come sempre in materia di fiscalità internazionale, la differenza tra un'opportunità e un contenzioso sta nella progettazione iniziale. Prima di costituire, conviene analizzare la catena di controllo, i flussi reddituali attesi e i presidi di sostanza necessari — ed è esattamente il tipo di valutazione che va fatta su misura, caso per caso ma i vantaggi, non solo fiscali, offerti da Malta, sono clamorosi.
          &#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/130_aprire-filiale-malta-copertina-v3.png" length="95848" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 15:50:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/fiscalita-malta-imprese-italiane</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/130_aprire-filiale-malta-vantaggi-fiscali.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/130_aprire-filiale-malta-copertina-v3.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Italia e Malta: la rana bollita della spesa pubblica</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italia-e-malta-la-rana-bollita-della-spesa-pubblica</link>
      <description>L'Italia cresce sei volte meno di Malta e spende per la macchina pubblica il 40% in più: 52-53% del PIL contro 38-39%. Un confronto impietoso.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cresciamo un terzo della media europea e sei volte meno di Malta, che spende per la macchina pubblica 14 punti di PIL in meno. Un dato crudo di cui non discute quasi nessuno.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/007_italia-malta-spesa-pubblica-crescita-51f23d44.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Ecco un dato crudo e impietoso, del quale non discute quasi nessuno: l'Italia cresce — si fa per dire — un terzo della media europea e sei volte meno di Malta, spendendo per la macchina amministrativa e il welfare quasi il 40% in più.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cosa potrà mai andare storto?
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          L'Italia è ormai sostanzialmente una rana che sta morendo nell'acqua in ebollizione, senza rendersene conto e senza più avere la forza di saltare fuori.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Le cause possono essere tante, ma una balza all'occhio. Spesa pubblica in rapporto al PIL (2023-2024):
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          •
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
               
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Italia: 52-53% del PIL
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          •
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
               
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Malta: 38-39% del PIL
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           La differenza è di circa 14 punti percentuali: spendiamo per mantenere la macchina amministrativa e del welfare quasi il 40% più di Malta.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          E i tassi di crescita, puntualmente, riflettono quella distanza.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/007_italia-malta-spesa-pubblica-crescita.png" length="51836" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 15:17:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italia-e-malta-la-rana-bollita-della-spesa-pubblica</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/007_italia-malta-spesa-pubblica-crescita.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/007_italia-malta-spesa-pubblica-crescita.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Italy Taxes Income Hard and Capital Softly</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-property-gains-inheritance-tax</link>
      <description>Property gains after five years: nothing. Four million to two children: 4% above the allowances. And no tax at all on your main home.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          What that means in figures for anyone who owns a house in Sardinia and is thinking of staying
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-02.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          An Italian resident with €120,000 of employment income pays about €43,800 in gross tax before deductions: 23% up to €28,000, 33% from €28,000 to €50,000, 43% on the excess. [1] Once the regional and municipal surcharges are added, in some regions the take on the last euro earned goes past 47%. [2]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The same resident, leaving an estate of four million to his children, pays forty thousand on it: 4%, and only on the part above the one million allowance granted to each heir in the direct line. [3] If he sells the house he bought seven years earlier and realises a gain of three hundred thousand, he pays nothing at all. [4]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          €43,800 on a year’s work, €40,000 on four million passed to two children, nothing on a property gain. Same country, same tax year, same person.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The exemption for property gains beyond five years is not a reduced rate but an outright exclusion from the charge: in other words, the disposal of a property held for more than five years produces no taxable income, whatever the difference between purchase price and sale price. [4] The threshold is five completed years, however, and at exactly five years the gain is still taxable. Building land falls outside the exemption in every case, as do properties that have benefited from the Superbonus relief, for which the relevant period has been extended to ten years. [5]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          On inheritance tax the rates have stood unchanged at 4% for a spouse and relatives in the direct line, 6% for brothers and sisters and 8% for unrelated beneficiaries, with an allowance of one million euro for each beneficiary in the direct line and one hundred thousand for siblings. [3] A family with a spouse and two children therefore has three million of exemption before the tax begins to bite, and it bites at 4% whatever the excess. In the countries most foreign residents in Sardinia come from, the top rates in the direct line range between 30% and 45%, and go above 60% between people who are not related.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Investment income sits outside that progression: interest, dividends and gains on securities bear a substitute tax of 26%, reduced to 12.5% on government bonds. [6] That is not a low rate in absolute terms, but it is a flat one. It does not go into the tax return to be added to other income, and it does not push total income towards the band above.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Italy has no tax on total net wealth of the kind Spain and Norway apply. It does have annual charges on particular classes of asset: IMU on real estate, at a basic rate of 0.86% on the revalued cadastral value, which municipalities may raise to 1.06% or reduce to nothing, [7] and stamp duty on financial products at 0.2% of their value each year, with a fixed charge of €34.20 on the current accounts of individuals whose average balance is above five thousand euro. [8]
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          IMU does not reach the main residence, meaning the property where the owner is both entered in the municipal population register and habitually resident. [7] That is where a substantial effect arises for anyone weighing up a move to Sardinia: for as long as the owner stays non-resident the Sardinian house is a second home and IMU falls due every year, whereas the same house, once it has become the habitual residence, leaves the charge altogether. On a property of any real value on the coast, this is a sum that foreign owners have often paid for years without once asking whether it was owed.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          For anyone deciding whether to stay, what separates this treatment from the regimes designed to attract new residents is that it carries neither conditions nor an expiry date. The substitute tax on foreign pensions runs for ten tax years, the one on foreign income for fifteen, the relief for returning workers for five. The 4% on inheritances and the five-year exemption on property gains are ordinary law, and there is nobody you have to apply to for them.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          None of the rules set out so far belongs to Sardinia. They apply at Porto Cervo exactly as they apply at Cortina, and anyone who presents the five-year exemption to you as an advantage of the island is telling you something untrue. What changes here is the size of the base those rules operate on, and in particular the cadastral values used to calculate IMU and the land registry taxes: the same rate applied to a lower cadastral income yields a lower tax, every year, for as long as the property is held.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          On income the rates stay high, and anyone who brings to Italy not only the capital but also the activity that produces it lands in the severe half of the system. Italian residence also draws foreign wealth into Italian taxation, through an annual reporting obligation and through taxes on the value of real estate and financial assets held outside the country, at 1.06% and 0.2% respectively. [9] And the 4% is the Italian tax, not necessarily the only one. The charge follows the residence of the deceased, but the country of origin may tax the same succession by reference to where the heir lives or to the nationality of the deceased, and Italy has concluded very few treaties in this field. The credit allowed by domestic law covers foreign tax only where it relates to assets situated in that country, [10] so a house in Gallura taxed in Germany because the son lives in Munich produces no credit in Italy at all.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          An example with real figures. A foreign pension of €80,000 bears about €26,600 of tax at ordinary rates and €5,600 under the 7% substitute tax: a difference of twenty-one thousand euro a year, a little over two hundred thousand across the ten tax years for which that regime runs.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The same person, with an estate of five million intended for a spouse and two children, has three million of allowances and pays inheritance tax on the remaining two million: eighty thousand euro, once. Where rates in the direct line range between 30% and 45% and the allowances are of a different order of magnitude, the tax on the same estate is counted in hundreds of thousands.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Four pieces of information are needed before advice on this can be worth anything: the total value of the estate, the properties with their respective purchase dates, the degree of relationship of the heirs, and the country where they live. On that basis I prepare a written statement setting out the Italian tax that would fall due today, the tax that would fall due after a transfer of residence, and whether the country where the heirs live could tax the same succession as well. It is a defined piece of work, with the fee agreed before it begins. Send me a message.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Sources
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [1] Article 11(1) of the Italian Income Tax Code (Testo unico delle imposte sui redditi, “TUIR”), as amended by Article 1(3) and (4) of Law 199 of 30 December 2025, which reduced the second-band rate from 35% to 33% with effect from the 2026 tax year.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [2] Regional surcharge on personal income tax, which varies from region to region, and municipal surcharge of up to 0.9%.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [3] Legislative Decree 346 of 31 October 1990, as amended by Legislative Decree 139/2024 and consolidated in the single text enacted by Legislative Decree 123/2025.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [4] Article 67(1)(b) TUIR.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [5] Law 213 of 30 December 2023, as regards properties subject to the works referred to in Article 119 of Decree-Law 34/2020.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [6] Article 5 of Legislative Decree 461 of 21 November 1997 and Article 3 of Decree-Law 66 of 24 April 2014.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [7] Article 1(739) and following of Law 160 of 27 December 2019; the exemption for the main residence is at subsection 740.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [8] Article 13(2-ter) of the tariff annexed to Presidential Decree 642 of 26 October 1972.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [9] Article 19 of Decree-Law 201 of 6 December 2011, under which IVIE was raised to 1.06% by Law 213/2023 and IVAFE stands at 0.2%, and Article 4 of Decree-Law 167 of 28 June 1990 on reporting.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          [10] Article 26(1)(b) of the consolidated text on inheritance and gift tax.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Agostino Galizia is a chartered accountant and statutory auditor in Cagliari, Sardinia, and a partner of Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati. He is registered with the Ordine dei Dottori Commercialisti ed Esperti Contabili di Cagliari (no. 1330/A) and with the Italian register of statutory auditors (no. 80487).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          This article contains general information on Italian law as it stands at the date of publication. It is not advice on any particular case and should not be relied on as such.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-02.png" length="120522" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2026 14:31:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-property-gains-inheritance-tax</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string">,tax residence</g-custom:tags>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-02.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-02.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The 184-Day Summer: How Italian Holidays Become Tax Residence</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-tax-residence-183-day-rule</link>
      <description>Since 2024, 183 days of physical presence make you Italian tax resident, arrival and departure days included. What a long Sardinian summer can cost.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Why your Sardinian holidays may already have made you an Italian taxpayer
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-01.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Take an unremarkable pattern. You come out in the second half of May, before the crowds. You go home in the second week of October, when the sea is still warm and the airport has emptied out. Twice during the summer you fly away for four or five days.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          That is about 154 days.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The figure that makes you resident in Italy for income tax purposes is 183 in an ordinary year, and 2026 is an ordinary year. Your margin is therefore twenty-nine days. A fortnight over Easter, a week in February and one long weekend in November will consume it.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Since 1 January 2024, physical presence in Italy for the greater part of the tax year is by itself sufficient to establish Italian tax residence.  The authorities have to demonstrate nothing about your intentions, your family, your commercial interests or your entry in any register. The statute also requires fractions of a day to be counted, so the morning you land and the afternoon you fly out each count as a day. A long weekend from Friday evening to Monday morning is four of them.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Presence is one of four alternative tests. You are resident in Italy in any year in which, for the greater part of that year, you have your residence there under the Civil Code, or your domicile there, or you are simply present, or you appear in the resident population register of an Italian municipality. 
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
           Satisfying any one is enough, and they do not need to combine.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The second test carries a translation problem that has done real damage. If you are British, domicile describes a common-law status attached to your permanent home, and until recently it governed your exposure to inheritance tax. The Italian income tax concept has nothing to do with it. Since 2024 it means, for these purposes, the place where a person’s personal and family relationships principally develop, and the Revenue Agency has confirmed that personal and family ties take priority over economic ones.  A man whose wife and school-age children live outside Olbia, and who flies in for long weekends while working somewhere else, may be domiciled in Italy in the Italian sense on the strength of where his family lives, whatever his own day count says.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Entry in the population register used to settle the matter. Since 2024 it creates a presumption that can be rebutted, which cuts in both directions: you can now argue against a registration that no longer matches the facts, and your absence from the register carries no evidential weight in your favour. It never carried much.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Anyone working remotely should read the presence test twice. If you work from Italy for most of the year you are resident in Italy on that basis alone, the Revenue Agency has said so expressly, and no further connecting factor is required. Where your employer is established, and in what currency you are paid, have no bearing on the count.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Italian residence brings taxation of your worldwide income rather than of your Italian income alone. It also brings the annual disclosure of foreign assets in Schedule RW of the Italian return and, where the conditions are met, the taxes on the value of foreign real estate and foreign financial holdings.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In practice the position rarely comes to light in the year it arises. It comes to light two or three years later, and usually not because anybody has been counting days. A purchase requires an Italian tax code and a deed before a notary. A residence permit is applied for on behalf of a spouse. A foreign administration transmits information under an exchange agreement. A school enrolment, a utility contract and a doctor’s registration together establish a pattern that is difficult to characterise as tourism. By the time the question is put, the years concerned are closed, the returns were filed in another country, and what is due carries penalties and interest.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Italy’s income tax treaties do address dual residence. Where both states claim you, the tie-breaker sequence runs through permanent home, centre of vital interests, habitual abode and nationality, and ends in agreement between the two administrations.  That sequence is a procedure rather than a protection. It has to be invoked, the facts have to be evidenced, and one contested year can occupy two or three before it is settled. It is the remedy available once planning has failed.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The heaviest consequence is not the tax on the year itself. Each of the Italian regimes built to attract new residents is conditional on a period of prior non-residence. The 7% substitute tax on foreign pension income requires five tax years of it. 
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
           The flat-tax regime for new residents requires nine of the previous ten. 
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The regime for inbound workers requires three, extended to six or seven where the employment resumes with the same employer or group. [6] A single unintended year of Italian residence therefore postpones the earliest date on which the intended regime can be claimed at all.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          I have watched that sequence run in the wrong order more than once. The house is bought, the regime is chosen, the adviser is instructed, and only at that point does somebody sit down with five years of boarding passes and card statements to work out what the position already was. There is nothing left to plan by then.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          The count for 2026 is still open, which is the only reason any of this is useful in August rather than in April. Reconstruct the days you have spent in Italy so far this year, arrivals and departures included, and set the total against 183. If you are within thirty days of that figure in either direction, the months between now and 31 December are the period in which the answer can still be changed.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-01.png" length="120335" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 13:39:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/italy-tax-residence-183-day-rule</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string">tax residence,183-day rule,Italy,Sardinia,flat tax,international taxation,183-day rule,Sardinia,international taxation,Italy,tax residence</g-custom:tags>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-01.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/sardinia-file-1200x627-01.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Holding di famiglia: a cosa serve davvero</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/holding-famiglia-governo-impresa</link>
      <description>La holding di famiglia non è una scorciatoia fiscale ma uno strumento di governo dell'impresa. Le tre domande da porsi prima di costituirla.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Chi controlla, chi decide, come passa il testimone alla generazione successiva: le tre domande da cui partire prima di costituire una holding. Il tema dell'incontro ospitato in studio a giugno 2026.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/003_holding-famiglia-governo-impresa.png" alt="Copertina dell'articolo: la holding di famiglia come strumento di governo dell'impresa"/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Le
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          holding di famiglia
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           non sono una scorciatoia fiscale ma uno strumento di governo dell'impresa, e funzionano solo se si ha chiaro cosa devono risolvere: chi controlla, chi decide, come passa il testimone alla generazione successiva.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          È da questa premessa che è partito l'incontro ospitato l'11 giugno 2026 nella sede dello studio, in Via Cocco Ortu 89 a Cagliari, rivolto agli imprenditori impegnati nella riorganizzazione della propria impresa e ai consulenti che li affiancano. Il taglio scelto è stato volutamente pratico: il confronto diretto con imprenditori e colleghi vale più di qualsiasi circolare.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Le tre domande restano il punto di partenza obbligato per chiunque valuti una holding. Prima si definisce l'assetto di governo — controllo, processi decisionali, regole per il ricambio generazionale — e solo dopo si disegna la struttura societaria che lo serve. Invertire l'ordine significa costruire una scatola vuota.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Per approfondire il tema con riferimento alla tua situazione, lo studio
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           è a disposizione: info@studiogaliziaepinna.it
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          .
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/003_holding-famiglia-governo-impresa.png" length="53145" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 13:14:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/holding-famiglia-governo-impresa</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string">passaggio generazionale,,holding di famiglia,diritto societario,riorganizzazione aziendale,governance</g-custom:tags>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/003_holding-famiglia-governo-impresa.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/003_holding-famiglia-governo-impresa.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spesa pubblica al 56% del PIL: perché l'Italia non cresce</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/spesa-pubblica-al-56-del-pil-perche-l-italia-non-cresce</link>
      <description>Mondo +95%, Italia +9% in 25 anni, spesa pubblica al 56% del PIL. Perché la crescita non arriverà finché non si ricalibra dove vanno quei soldi.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In venticinque anni il mondo è cresciuto del 95%, l'Italia del 9%. Quando la spesa corrente assorbe oltre metà della ricchezza nazionale, la crescita non può arrivare: va ricalibrato dove finiscono quei soldi.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/1779545884455.jpg" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           In venticinque anni il mondo è cresciuto del 95%, noi del 9%. La spesa pubblica italiana è salita del 39%, il debito quasi del 100%.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Quando due indicatori economici vanno in direzioni opposte così marcate non c'è mistero: una sta consumando l'altra, semplicemente.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Nessun Paese cresce stabilmente con una spesa pubblica al 56% del PIL, in corso di accelerazione grazie a buffonate come PNRR e false pensioni sociali.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La cosa che mi colpisce è che continuiamo a cercare la soluzione in una crescita che non potrà mai arrivare, finché il 56% della ricchezza nazionale va in consumo corrente — pensioni, stipendi pubblici, trasferimenti — e poco in quello che creerebbe nuovo PIL.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          L'unico modo di uscirne è ricalibrare radicalmente dove vanno quei soldi: decidere cosa finanzia davvero la crescita e cosa è solo costo corrente, che dovrà per forza essere drasticamente tagliato.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Però c'è Garlasco e la Flottilla…
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/004_spesa-pubblica-italia-non-cresce.png" length="61749" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Sat, 23 May 2026 14:54:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/spesa-pubblica-al-56-del-pil-perche-l-italia-non-cresce</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/004_spesa-pubblica-italia-non-cresce.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/004_spesa-pubblica-italia-non-cresce.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cos'altro potrà mai andare storto? Tre proposte per l'Italia</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/cos-altro-potra-mai-andare-storto-tre-proposte-per-l-italia</link>
      <description>Un Paese di controllori e concessioni amministrative non cresce. Tre proposte operative per rimettere la libertà individuale al centro dello Stato.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Un Paese fondato su controlli e concessioni amministrative non cresce. Tre proposte operative per rimettere la libertà individuale al centro, a partire dall'articolo 1 della Costituzione.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/002_tre-proposte-liberta-individuale.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cos'altro potrà mai andare storto in un Paese dove per ogni lavoratore vero ce n'è uno, pubblico, che controlla; dove niente è affidato realmente alla libera iniziativa ma tutto è frutto di "concessioni amministrative"; e dove l'esigenza di controllo fiscale e di recupero forsennato di gettito prevale su tutto?
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Da questa constatazione discendono tre proposte operative.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          1.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
             
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Nell'iniziativa privata, di qualunque tipo, tutto quello che non è espressamente vietato da norme imperative è consentito.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          2.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
             
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Per l'introduzione di nuovi reati e nuovi tributi occorre una maggioranza di due terzi del Parlamento.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          3.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
             
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Riportare al centro della Costituzione il cittadino, senza intermediazioni: modificare l'articolo 1, da "l'Italia è una Repubblica democratica fondata sul lavoro" a "l'Italia è una Repubblica democratica fondata sulla libertà individuale".
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ﻿
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Tre modifiche di principio, prima ancora che di dettaglio. Ma è dai principi che un Paese decide cosa vuole essere.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/002_tre-proposte-liberta-individuale.png" length="55786" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Sat, 23 May 2026 14:47:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/cos-altro-potra-mai-andare-storto-tre-proposte-per-l-italia</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/002_tre-proposte-liberta-individuale.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/002_tre-proposte-liberta-individuale.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modello 231 e sicurezza sul lavoro: verso il doppio binario</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/modello-231-e-sicurezza-sul-lavoro-verso-il-doppio-binario</link>
      <description>La riforma proposta al Guardasigilli: con un Modello 231 adeguato il datore risponde solo per colpa grave. Senza, colpa lieve e pene più severe.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La riforma allo studio del Governo lega la responsabilità penale del datore di lavoro all'adozione effettiva di un Modello 231: chi lo ha risponde solo per colpa grave, chi non lo ha anche per colpa lieve e con pene più alte.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/005_modello-231-sicurezza-lavoro-riforma.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Adottare un Modello 231 sulla sicurezza sul lavoro non sarà più soltanto una buona pratica di compliance: diventerà la differenza tra rispondere per colpa grave o anche per colpa lieve davanti al giudice penale. È questo il fulcro della relazione che la commissione ministeriale presieduta dal viceministro Sisto ha consegnato al Guardasigilli Nordio, destinata a confluire in una delega al Governo entro la legislatura.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il doppio binario: colpa grave con il Modello, colpa lieve senza
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il meccanismo proposto è un doppio binario netto. Il datore che ha adottato un MOG adeguato — con asseverazione paritetica o certificazione SGSL, e nel rispetto delle buone prassi validate dalla commissione consultiva permanente — risponde di omicidio o lesioni colpose solo per colpa grave, con onere motivazionale rafforzato in capo al giudice sugli indici normativi (natura dell'attività, conoscenze specifiche del rischio, presidi adottati).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Chi il Modello non lo ha risponde anche per colpa lieve, con pene edittali sensibilmente innalzate: omicidio colposo aggravato fino a 8 anni, lesioni gravissime fino a 4 anni.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Gli obblighi irrinunciabili: dove lo scudo non copre
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Lo scudo però non è assoluto. La colpa viene automaticamente qualificata come grave — Modello o meno — se sono violati gli obblighi irrinunciabili: nomina del medico competente e del RSPP, DVR, DPI, formazione e informazione dei lavoratori. Su questi non esiste copertura organizzativa che tenga.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          La nuova posizione del RSPP
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cambia anche la posizione del RSPP, che da mero collaboratore diventa garante autonomo con responsabilità penale propria, equiparata a quella del medico competente. Per le imprese sopra i 20 dipendenti scatta l'obbligo di addetti SPP aggiuntivi, con risorse finanziarie formalizzate in procedura tracciabile — la cui assenza configura essa stessa reato in capo al datore.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Dalla compliance volontaria alle scelte strategiche
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Per chi come noi accompagna le imprese in operazioni di riorganizzazione e nella costruzione dell'assetto di governance, la conseguenza è chiara: il MOG 231 esce dal perimetro della compliance volontaria ed entra nel cuore delle scelte strategiche di tutela patrimoniale e penale del vertice aziendale.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Modelli formali ma non realmente attuati — quelli che il giudice penale chiama "modelli di facciata" — non solo non proteggono: rischiano di peggiorare la posizione del datore.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Tre verifiche da fare subito
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Suggeriamo tre verifiche concrete da fare subito, senza attendere la Gazzetta Ufficiale:
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     stato di attuazione effettiva del proprio MOG e adeguatezza dell'OdV;
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     attribuzione formale di risorse, autonomia e qualificazione al RSPP;
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     integrazione operativa tra Modello 231 e sistema di gestione della sicurezza (SGSL).
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La riforma è ancora una proposta, ma il quadro che disegna è già abbastanza chiaro da rendere imprudente ogni attesa.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/005_modello-231-sicurezza-lavoro-riforma.png" length="62140" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 14:59:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/modello-231-e-sicurezza-sul-lavoro-verso-il-doppio-binario</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/005_modello-231-sicurezza-lavoro-riforma.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/005_modello-231-sicurezza-lavoro-riforma.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quanto costa davvero aprire un'impresa in Italia</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/quanto-costa-davvero-aprire-un-impresa-in-italia</link>
      <description>Diciotto adempimenti e 4.500 euro di contributi fissi prima di incassare un euro: la storia di Antonio spiega perché in Italia nascono poche imprese.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          La storia di Antonio, 26 anni, che vuole aprire una pizzeria a Napoli: diciotto adempimenti prima di infornare la prima pizza e 4.500 euro di contributi fissi anche a forno spento. Così le barriere d'ingresso uccidono l'iniziativa.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/006_quanto-costa-aprire-impresa-italia-31de07a8.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Antonio ha 26 anni. Vuole aprire una pizzeria a Napoli. Ha trovato il locale, ha imparato il mestiere, ha messo da parte i soldi. È pronto. Quello che non sa è che prima di infornare la prima pizza lo aspettano circa diciotto adempimenti e 4.500 euro l'anno di contributi fissi, dovuti anche a forno spento.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Diciotto passaggi prima della prima pizza
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Prima di aprire, Antonio dovrà:
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     aprire una partita IVA
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     scegliere il codice ATECO giusto tra migliaia
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     iscriversi alla Camera di Commercio
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     inviare la pratica ComUnica
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     presentare la SCIA al comune
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     comprare PEC e firma digitale
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     iscriversi all'INPS
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     ottenere l'autorizzazione sanitaria della ASL
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     frequentare il corso HACCP
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     redigere il piano di autocontrollo
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     preparare il DVR, il Documento di Valutazione dei Rischi
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     nominare un responsabile della sicurezza
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     richiedere il certificato antincendio ai Vigili del Fuoco
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     registrarsi al RENTRI per i rifiuti
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     stipulare un contratto per lo smaltimento degli oli esausti
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     fare il corso di sicurezza obbligatorio
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     trovare un commercialista
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          •     pagare il diritto camerale annuale.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Ma questo è il meno.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          La mazzata finale: 4.500 euro di contributi a forno spento
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il colpo vero arriva dall'INPS. Antonio deve versare circa 4.500 euro l'anno di contributi fissi. Anche se non ha ancora venduto una pizza. Anche se il primo anno chiude in perdita. Anche se il forno resta spento.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Quattromilacinquecento euro che lo Stato vuole comunque — in quattro rate, a prescindere da quanto guadagni. Soldi che un ragazzo che ha appena investito tutto nel locale non ha. Il risultato lo confermano i dati: l'Italia è tra i paesi europei con il tasso più basso di nuove imprese. Non perché manchi l'iniziativa, ma perché il costo per iniziare è troppo alto per chi parte da zero.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          I contributi hanno una funzione: finanziano la pensione. Ma un contributo fisso su chi non ha ancora guadagnato un euro non è previdenza. È una barriera d'ingresso. Dice ad Antonio: prima paghi, poi hai il diritto di provare.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il confronto imbarazzante
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          In Estonia apri un'impresa online in 15 minuti e paghi i contributi in proporzione a quello che guadagni. A Napoli servono settimane, migliaia di euro e un commercialista — e paghi anche se guadagni zero.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Lo Stato non prende solo soldi. Prende tempo: settimane di burocrazia che Antonio potrebbe usare per preparare l'impasto, cercare fornitori, parlare con i clienti. E prende coraggio, perché ogni barriera in più è un ragazzo in meno che ci prova.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Chi vuole più imprenditori non aggiunge incentivi, casomai elimina gli ostacoli.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/006_quanto-costa-aprire-impresa-italia.png" length="55467" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2026 15:11:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/quanto-costa-davvero-aprire-un-impresa-in-italia</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/006_quanto-costa-aprire-impresa-italia.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/006_quanto-costa-aprire-impresa-italia.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IVA sui crediti verso imprese fallite: recupero senza attendere</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/iva-sui-crediti-verso-imprese-fallite-recupero-senza-attendere</link>
      <description>La Cassazione consente di recuperare l'IVA sui crediti verso imprese in procedura concorsuale senza attendere la chiusura, con attestazione del curatore.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          IVA sui crediti verso imprese fallite: recupero senza attendere
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/124_recupero-iva-crediti-procedure-concorsuali-3daab7d4.png" alt=""/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Grande novità dalla Cassazione: l'impresa che vanta crediti verso imprese sottoposte a procedura concorsuale non deve più attendere la chiusura della procedura per recuperare l'IVA sulla fattura emessa. Come diceva Keynes, nel lungo periodo siamo tutti morti: ora basta ottenere dal curatore una dichiarazione attestante la ragionevole probabilità che il debito non sia saldato.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cosa fare subito
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h4&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Fate immediatamente una ricognizione dei crediti verso imprese fallite o in concordato e procedete a richiedere al curatore o al commissario l'attestazione di probabilità di soddisfazione del credito.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h4&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/124_recupero-iva-crediti-procedure-concorsuali.png" length="53207" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 16:23:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/iva-sui-crediti-verso-imprese-fallite-recupero-senza-attendere</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string" />
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/124_recupero-iva-crediti-procedure-concorsuali.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/124_recupero-iva-crediti-procedure-concorsuali.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>KPI: come avere davvero sotto controllo l'azienda</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/kpi-controllo-azienda</link>
      <description>Cosa sono i KPI e perché il controllo va applicato agli indicatori, non ai numeri di bilancio: esempi quantitativi e qualitativi e l'obbligo del D.lgs 14/19.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il bilancio è la conseguenza, non la causa: il controllo va applicato ai KPI, gli indicatori che misurano le azioni quotidiane da cui nascono i numeri. Quali scegliere, quantitativi e qualitativi, e perché la legge ormai li richiede.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/046_kpi-controllo-azienda.png" alt="Copertina dell'articolo sui KPI: indicatori per tenere davvero sotto controllo l'azienda"/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           I
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Key Performance Indicators
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           (KPI) sono indicatori chiave di performance: misurano lo
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          stato di avanzamento
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           di obiettivi fissati in precedenza e consentono di valutare le prestazioni di un'organizzazione. L'imprenditore è l'unico in azienda che pensa al futuro; ma per prendere le decisioni deve conoscere i fatti — e i fatti si misurano con i KPI, non con i soli numeri di bilancio.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il controllo va applicato ai KPI, non al bilancio
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          I risultati economico-finanziari evidenziati nel bilancio scaturiscono e sono diretta conseguenza delle azioni quotidiane compiute in azienda. Un esempio: se si vuole vendere, è necessario attivarsi con azioni concrete, come suonare dei campanelli. Se ogni 5 campanelli suonati si vende un'aspirapolvere, per vendere 100 aspirapolveri dovrò suonare 500 campanelli. Il KPI, in questo caso, è il numero di campanelli suonati.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il ricavo che compare in bilancio non dipende da un colpo di fortuna o di sfortuna: è esattamente la conseguenza di un'azione. Per questo il controllo non va applicato ai numeri di bilancio, ma ai KPI.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           L'obiettivo dei KPI è fornire informazioni
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          chiare
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           e
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          misurabili
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          sulla performance dell'azienda, che consentano all'amministratore di prendere decisioni consapevoli per un tempestivo miglioramento dell'attività e per raggiungere gli obiettivi prefissati. I KPI cambiano a seconda del contesto e del settore, possono essere quantitativi o qualitativi e riguardano aree diverse: vendite, marketing, produttività, qualità, servizio clienti, gestione delle risorse umane. Servono anche per monitorare il progresso nel tempo e confrontare i risultati con i benchmark o gli standard di settore. 
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          I KPI quantitativi più comuni
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Una corretta definizione e misurazione dei KPI è fondamentale per prendere decisioni basate sui dati e guidare l'azienda verso il miglioramento continuo. Ogni impresa deve selezionare gli indicatori più rilevanti per la propria attività, allineati con gli obiettivi strategici. Esistono comunque KPI comuni a molte aziende:
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;ul&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           margine di profitto (lordo o netto)
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           clienti acquisiti e tassi di retention
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           costo di acquisizione del cliente
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           tasso di conversione
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           produttività dei dipendenti
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           numero di azioni necessarie per vendere
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          I KPI qualitativi
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
           A differenza di quelli quantitativi, i KPI qualitativi si concentrano sulla qualità delle prestazioni aziendali:
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;ul&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           soddisfazione del cliente
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : misura la percezione e la soddisfazione rispetto al prodotto, al servizio o all'esperienza complessiva offerta dall'azienda;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           qualità del prodotto
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : valuta la conformità del prodotto o servizio agli standard di qualità predefiniti;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           reputazione del marchio
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : misura reputazione e immagine tra clienti, partner commerciali e pubblico;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           coinvolgimento dei dipendenti
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : valuta coinvolgimento, motivazione e soddisfazione attraverso sondaggi, feedback o valutazioni;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           innovazione
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : la capacità dell'azienda di generare nuove idee, soluzioni o prodotti;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           responsabilità sociale
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : l'impegno verso la sostenibilità ambientale e l'impatto sociale positivo;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           formazione
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : elemento cruciale per lo sviluppo delle competenze del personale; misura le competenze acquisite, la loro applicazione e l'impatto sulle prestazioni aziendali;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           affidabilità degli approvvigionamenti
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : tempi di consegna, precisione degli ordini, corretta gestione dei fornitori, con impatto significativo su redditività, efficienza operativa e soddisfazione del cliente;
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           qualità delle riscossioni
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
          
            (affidabilità dell'area amministrazione): misura l'efficacia del processo di incasso da clienti e debitori e aiuta a valutare la gestione del rischio finanziario;
           &#xD;
        &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           aumento e fidelizzazione del parco clienti
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           : un portafoglio di clienti fedeli è fondamentale per la crescita di lungo termine; le leve vanno dalla customer experience ai programmi fedeltà, dall'ascolto dei feedback all'apertura a nuovi segmenti di mercato.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Questi sono solo esempi: gli indicatori vanno personalizzati in base alle esigenze specifiche dell'azienda e all'obiettivo da misurare, con criteri di misurazione chiari e oggettivi.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          I KPI qualitativi sono un obbligo di legge
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Va messo in evidenza che la lettera c del comma 3 dell'art. 3 della Riforma della Crisi (D.lgs 14/2019) ha introdotto i KPI qualitativi come dati
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          obbligatori
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           per poter rilevare un eventuale stato di crisi dell'impresa.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Identificare e monitorare i KPI adatti alla propria attività è possibile con il servizio di consulenza dello studio basato sul
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cruscotto di Controllo®
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          , software fondato sulla Balanced Scorecard, in grado di tenere costantemente sotto controllo i KPI dell'azienda e di analizzare le informazioni qualitative che influenzano il risultato — quello che solo in un secondo momento andrà a incidere sul bilancio.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           E tu,
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          come misuri i KPI della tua impresa
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           ? Per approfondire il tema con riferimento alla tua situazione, lo studio
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           è a disposizione: info@studiogaliziaepinna.it
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/046_kpi-controllo-azienda.png" length="55048" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jul 2023 13:18:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/kpi-controllo-azienda</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string">codice della crisi,KPI,cruscotto di controllo,controllo di gestione,balanced scorecard,codice della crisi,indicatori qualitativi</g-custom:tags>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/046_kpi-controllo-azienda.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/046_kpi-controllo-azienda.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adeguati assetti organizzativi: cosa sono davvero e a cosa servono</title>
      <link>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/adeguati-assetti-organizzativi-cosa-sono</link>
      <description>Gli adeguati assetti organizzativi non servono solo in crisi: KPI, indicatori qualitativi e Balanced Scorecard per intercettare presto i segnali.</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h3&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Gli adeguati assetti non riguardano solo le imprese in crisi: sono un sistema di allerta precoce che ogni azienda sana deve costruire, con indicatori qualitativi e non solo di bilancio.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h3&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;img src="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/079_adeguati-assetti-organizzativi-cosa-sono.png" alt="Copertina dell'articolo sugli adeguati assetti organizzativi e l'allerta precoce nell'impresa"/&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;&#xD;
&lt;div data-rss-type="text"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Gli adeguati assetti organizzativi sono il sistema di
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          allerta precoce
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           — l'early warning — con cui l'impresa intercetta gli indizi di crisi prima che diventino crisi. Il legislatore ha precisato quali sono gli adeguati assetti in sede di crisi, ma il punto è un altro: anche se la tua impresa è sana devi comunque dotartene.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Questo ti aiuterà a mantenere un buon assetto senza fare debiti e senza incorrere in responsabilità per l'amministratore a causa della mancata "osservanza degli obblighi relativi alla conservazione dell'integrità del patrimonio sociale". 
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Non solo imprese in difficoltà: l'allerta precoce
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Il legislatore testimonia così la sua volontà di sostenere tutte le imprese, non solamente quelle in difficoltà o decotte. Chiede infatti di dotarsi di un sistema di early warning, un'allerta precoce per intercettare gli indizi, non solo quantitativi, ma soprattutto qualitativi. Se ci si basa su un'analisi di bilancio, ovvero su dati passati, significa che la crisi è già in atto.
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Gli elementi qualitativi da monitorare
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
           Conosci gli elementi qualitativi che possono determinare gli squilibri economico-finanziari interni all'azienda?
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;ul&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           la formazione
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           l'innovazione
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           la customer satisfaction
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           il clima aziendale
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           l'armonia tra soci
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;li&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
        
           la composizione del portafoglio prodotti
          &#xD;
      &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/li&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Un imprenditore deve essere in grado di intercettare gli
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          indizi di crisi
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           e produrre dati in grado di rispondere a un apposito questionario, la check list elencata nella sezione seconda del Decreto Ministeriale del 28/9/21.
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;h2&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          KPI, analisi di scenario e Balanced Scorecard
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/h2&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           In particolare deve indicare se è dotato di
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          KPI
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           (Key Performance Indicator), di strumenti di monitoraggio continuo sugli aspetti puramente qualitativi — ovvero valori che guardano avanti, non solo al bilancio — e se ha una chiara identificazione degli intenti strategici, con analisi di scenario e analisi
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          SWOT
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          .
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           In definitiva, la
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Balanced Scorecard
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           è lo strumento ideale per aiutare l'imprenditore nel tutoraggio aziendale a tutti i livelli, tangibili e intangibili. Il nostro studio utilizza il
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Cruscotto di Controllo
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           , l'unica applicazione pratica attualmente presente in Italia basata appunto sulla
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          Balanced Scorecard
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      
          .
         &#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;p&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           Per approfondire il tema con riferimento alla tua situazione, lo studio
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;strong&gt;&#xD;
      
          Galizia &amp;amp; Pinna Associati
         &#xD;
    &lt;/strong&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
        
           è a disposizione: info@studiogaliziaepinna.it
          &#xD;
      &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;span&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;br/&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/span&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/p&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/079_adeguati-assetti-organizzativi-cosa-sono.png" length="52894" type="image/png" />
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jun 2022 12:58:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.galiziaepinna.it/adeguati-assetti-organizzativi-cosa-sono</guid>
      <g-custom:tags type="string">crisi d'impresa,KPI,early warning,controllo di gestione,adeguati assetti</g-custom:tags>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/079_adeguati-assetti-organizzativi-cosa-sono.png">
        <media:description>thumbnail</media:description>
      </media:content>
      <media:content medium="image" url="https://irp.cdn-website.com/93470ef4/dms3rep/multi/079_adeguati-assetti-organizzativi-cosa-sono.png">
        <media:description>main image</media:description>
      </media:content>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
